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Alix, Duchess of Brittany
Alix of Thouars (5 September 1201 – 21 October 1221) (in Breton Alis) was hereditary Duchess of Brittany and 5th Countess of Richmond from 1203 to her death.〔''Chronicon Britannicum''〕〔Judith Everard and Michael Jones, ''The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Family (1171-1221)''〕
== Life ==
Alix was born on or shortly before 5 September 1201. She was the daughter of Constance, Duchess of Brittany and Guy of Thouars.〔John W. Baldwin, ''The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages'', (University of California Press, 1986), 239.〕 Constance died after giving birth to Alix and her sister Catherine. Alix's older half-brother was Arthur I, Duke of Brittany and her half-sister was Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, the children of Constance and Geoffrey Plantagenet. Upon the death of Richard I of England, a power struggle commenced between her half-brother Arthur and John, King of England. At the Battle of Mirebeau in 1202, Arthur and Eleanor were captured. Arthur was imprisoned at the Château de Falaise and in 1203 disappeared. Eleanor was imprisoned at Corfe Castle.
The Breton barons recognized Alix as Duchess of Brittany after the death of Arthur, instead of Eleanor. This was due to fears that John might claim to rule Brittany as regent for the imprisoned Eleanor. Alix's father Guy became regent for Alix until 1206, when Philip II of France made himself the regent of the duchy in Alix’s name. King Philip II broke off the betrothal of Alix and the Breton prince Henry of Penthièvre , and turned to his French cousin Peter of Dreux, as Alix's husband. 〔''Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis''〕 〔''Brittany'', Julia M.H. Smith, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia, Ed. William W. Kibler, (Garland Publishing Inc., 1995 ), 148.〕 Pierre married Alix on 27 January 1213, and paid homage to the French king for Brittany.
Alix died in childbirth, without having exercised much control over her own inheritance. She was succeeded in the duchy by her son John I, but Peter remained the ''de facto'' ruler of Brittany as John I's regent until 1237.
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